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Kinnor (Hebrew: כִּנּוֹר kīnnōr) is an ancient Israelite musical instrument in the yoke lutes family, the first one to be mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.. Its exact identification is unclear, but in the modern day it is generally translated as "harp" or "lyre", [2]: 440 and associated with a type of lyre depicted in Israelite imagery, particularly the Bar Kokhba coins.
The Lyres of Ur or Harps of Ur is a group of four string instruments excavated in a fragmentary condition at the Royal Cemetery at Ur in Iraq from 1922 onwards. They date back to the Early Dynastic III Period of Mesopotamia , between about 2550 and 2450 BC, making them the world's oldest surviving stringed instruments. [ 1 ]
An instrument called the kinnor is mentioned a number of times in the Bible, generally translated into English as "harp" or "psaltery", but historically rendered as "cithara". Psalm 42 in the Latin Vulgate (Psalm 43 in other versions), says,
The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has individual ... The Kinnor (Hebrew: ... The pedal harp contains seven pedals that each affect the tuning of all ...
the transl. he – transl. nevel, a 12-stringed harp; the transl. he – transl. kinnor a lyre with 10 strings; the transl. he – transl. shofar, a hollowed-out ram's horn; the transl. he – transl. chatzutzera, or trumpet, made of silver; the transl. he – transl. tof or small drum
The Greeks translated the name as nabla (νάβλα, "Phoenician harp"). [1] [2] [3] A number of possibilities have been proposed for what kind of instrument the nevel was; these include the psaltery and the kithara, both of which are strummed instruments like the kinnor, with strings running across the sound box, like the modern guitar and zither.
Pedal Harp, Double-action Harp, Diatonic Double-action Harp France * Only lowest and highest octaves shown. Tuning proceeds through 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 octaves using the C ♭ diatonic scale Harp, Celtic 34 strings 34 courses[*] C 2 D 2 E 2 F 2 G 2 A 2 B 2 [ . . . ] * C 6 D 6 E 6 F 6 G 6 A 6. Clàrsach, Folk Harp, Lever Harp British Isles
The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]