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Estrogen appears to have a protector effect on atherosclerosis: it lowers LDL and triglycerides, it raises HDL levels and has endothelial vasodilatation properties plus an anti-inflammatory component. Research is underway to determine if risks of estrogen supplement use are the same for all methods of delivery.
This estrogen-mediated gonadotropin surge effect has also been found to occur with exogenous estrogen, including in transgender women on hormone therapy and pre-hormone therapy transgender men acutely challenged with a high dose of an estrogen, but does not occur in men, pre-hormone therapy transgender women, or transgender men on hormone ...
Estrogen is the predominant sex hormone that slows bone loss (even in men). Both estrogen and testosterone help stimulate bone formation (T, especially at puberty). Testosterone may cause an increase in cortical bone thickness in transgender men (however this does not necessarily translate to a greater mechanical stability).
5α-Reductase inhibitors have minimal side effects and are well tolerated in both men and women. [219] [220] In men, the most common side effect is sexual dysfunction (0.9–15.8% incidence), which may include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and reduced ejaculate.
The effect of estrogen on the immune system is in general described as Th2 favoring, rather than suppressive, as is the case of the effect of male sex hormone - testosterone. [89] Indeed, women respond better to vaccines , infections and are generally less likely to develop cancer , the tradeoff of this is that they are more likely to develop ...
The compound is equipotent at the two forms of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, [2] and it acts as a full agonist of ERα. [3] Its effects are similar to those of estradiol, but it is considerably less potent in comparison. [2] 8-PN is found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and in beer, and is responsible for the estrogenic effects of the former.