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Japanese martial arts often use sensei (先生) to address teachers. Junior and senior students (先輩 and 後輩) are categorized separately based on experience level. In aikidō and some systems of karate, [citation needed] O-Sensei (大先生) is the title of the (deceased) head of the style
For a more senior member of a group who has not achieved the level of sensei, the term senpai is used – note the common use of 先 "before"; in martial arts, this is particularly used for the most senior non-sensei member. The Japanese expression of 'sensei' shares the same characters as the Chinese word 先生, pronounced xiānshēng in ...
Japanese uses honorific constructions to show or emphasize social rank, social intimacy or similarity in rank. The choice of pronoun used, for example, will express the social relationship between the person speaking and the person being referred to, and Japanese often avoids pronouns entirely in favor of more explicit titles or kinship terms. [2]
Kanji (漢字, pronounced ⓘ) are the logographic Chinese characters adapted from the Chinese script used in the writing of Japanese. [1] They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese and are still used, along with the subsequently-derived syllabic scripts of hiragana and katakana.
The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.
While in China both variations are commonly used, in English-speaking countries people are mostly familiar with the second way of writing, in the context of the martial art traditions. In the second inflection, Shifu has a deeper meaning than just a teacher, but a teacher who gives the utmost care for his or her pupils, as would a father or mother.
Japanese children are taught to act harmoniously and cooperatively with others from the time they go to pre-school. This need for harmonious relationships between people is reflected in much Japanese behavior. Many place great emphasis on politeness, personal responsibility and working together for the universal, rather than the individual, good.
The tōyō kanji (当用漢字, lit. "general-use kanji") are those kanji listed on the Tōyō kanji hyō (当用漢字表, literally "list of general-use kanji"), which was released by the Japanese Ministry of Education (文部省) on 16 November 1946, following a reform of kanji characters of Chinese origin in the Japanese language.