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Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), sometimes referred to as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is a type of fat deposit in bone marrow. It increases in states of low bone density, such as osteoporosis , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] anorexia nervosa / caloric restriction , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] skeletal unweighting such as that which occurs in space travel , [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and ...
A typical fat cell is 0.1 mm in diameter [2] with some being twice that size, and others half that size. However, these numerical estimates of fat cell size depend largely on the measurement method and the location of the adipose tissue. [2] The fat stored is in a semi-liquid state, and is composed primarily of triglycerides, and cholesteryl ester.
In humans, adipose tissue is located: beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow), intermuscular (muscular system), and in the breast (breast tissue). Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Apart from adipocytes, which comprise ...
Viscoelasticity of bone can arise from multiple factors related to structures on multiple length scales. [1] Bone is a composite of the bio-polymer collagen and the bio-ceramic hydroxyapatite. Additionally the collagen is plied in various directions around the bone. Bone has two structural forms; cortical and cancellous. [2]
Viscoelasticity, a material property characterized by the extrusion of dual solid and liquid-like behaviors, is typically found in an array of polymer-based biomaterials, including those used in biomedical devices as well as in clinical settings. From polymer-based surface coatings on drug-eluting stents to entangled tissue networks that have ...
The characterization of mechanical properties in polymers typically refers to a measure of the strength, elasticity, viscoelasticity, and anisotropy of a polymeric material. The mechanical properties of a polymer are strongly dependent upon the Van der Waals interactions of the polymer chains, and the ability of the chains to elongate and align ...
A higher ratio of body surface area (proportional to heat loss) to body volume (proportional to heat production) A higher proportional surface area of the head; A low amount of musculature and the inability to shiver; A lack of thermal insulation, e.g., subcutaneous fat and fine body hair (especially in prematurely born children)
A major defining difference between biopolymers and synthetic polymers can be found in their structures. All polymers are made of repetitive units called monomers. Biopolymers often have a well-defined structure, though this is not a defining characteristic (example: lignocellulose): The exact chemical composition and the sequence in which ...