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Ganglion cysts are not limited to the hands and feet. They may occur near the knee, commonly near the cruciate ligaments, but they may occur at the origins of the gastrocnemius tendon, and anteriorly on Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad. [14] At the shoulder, they typically occur at the acromioclavicular joint or along the biceps tendon. [15]
They lie deep to the fascia of Camper that overlies the femoral vessels at the medial aspect of the thigh. They are bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament in the femoral triangle, laterally by the border of the sartorius muscle, and medially by the adductor longus muscle. There are approximately 10 superficial lymph nodes.
A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid collection behind the knee. [4] Often there are no symptoms. [2] If symptoms do occur these may include swelling and pain behind the knee, or knee stiffness. [1] If the cyst breaks open, pain may significantly increase with swelling of the calf. [1]
Moving from superficial to deep structures, the roof is formed by: the skin. [1]the superficial fascia. [1] This contains the small saphenous vein, the terminal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, posterior division of the medial cutaneous nerve, lateral sural cutaneous nerve, and medial sural cutaneous nerve.
The flow of lymph from the legs towards the heart is the result of the calf pump– during walking the calf muscle contracts, squeezing lymph out of the leg via the lymphatic vessels. When the muscle relaxes, valves in the vessels shut preventing the fluid from returning to the lower extremities. [3]
The anterior branch runs downward on the sartorius, perforates the fascia lata at the lower third of the thigh, and divides into two branches: one supplies the integument as low down as the medial side of the knee; the other crosses to the lateral side of the patella, communicating in its course with the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.
The term "ganglion" refers to the peripheral nervous system. [ 1 ] However, in the brain (part of the central nervous system ), the basal ganglia are a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex , thalamus , and brainstem , associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.
The geniculate ganglion (from Latin genu, for "knee" [1]) is a bilaterally paired special sense ganglion [2] of the intermediate nerve component of the facial nerve (CN VII). [3] It is situated within facial canal of the head .