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Because Base64 is a six-bit encoding, and because the decoded values are divided into 8-bit octets, every four characters of Base64-encoded text (4 sextets = 4 × 6 = 24 bits) represents three octets of unencoded text or data (3 octets = 3 × 8 = 24 bits). This means that when the length of the unencoded input is not a multiple of three, the ...
A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters . These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP ) or is not 8-bit clean .
UUDeview – open-source program to encode/decode Base64, BinHex, uuencode, xxencode, etc. for Unix/Windows/DOS; UUENCODE-UUDECODE – open-source program to encode/decode created by Clem "Grandad" Dye; StUU – open source fast UUDecoder for Macintosh by Stuart Cheshire; UUENCODE-UUDECODE – free on-line UUEncoder and UUDecoder
The resulting string is encoded using a variant of Base64 (+/ and with padding). The authorization method and a space character (e.g. "Basic ") is then prepended to the encoded string. For example, if the browser uses Aladdin as the username and open sesame as the password, then the field's value is the Base64 encoding of Aladdin:open sesame ...
For CFB-8, an all-zero IV and an all-zero plaintext, causes 1/256 of keys to generate no encryption, plaintext is returned as ciphertext. [10] For OFB-8, using all zero initialization vector will generate no encryption for 1/256 of keys. [11] OFB-8 encryption returns the plaintext unencrypted for affected keys.
One brief comment in the text mentions, but does not mandate, the possibility of simply using the ASCII encoded value of a character string: "Finally, the key argument is a secret encryption key, which can be a user-chosen password of up to 56 bytes (including a terminating zero byte when the key is an ASCII string)." [1]
The PEM format solves this problem by encoding the binary data using base64. PEM also defines a one-line header, ... competing e-mail encryption standards.
The PKCS #8 private key may be encrypted with a passphrase using one of the PKCS #5 standards defined in RFC 2898, [2] which supports multiple encryption schemes. A new version 2 was proposed by S. Turner in 2010 as RFC 5958 [ 3 ] and might obsolete RFC 5208 someday in the future.