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The substrate can vary from sand to gravel, but many aquarists choose crushed coral or aragonite sand, both of which help raise the hardness and pH to an acceptable level. Many brackish water fish, as any fish, can jump out of the tank, so it must be covered. Some brackish water species come from estuaries.
A pH controller is recommended to control the CO2. It works by connecting to the CO2 regulator on the CO2 tank and measuring the pH of the solution inside the reactor via a pH probe. The controller will turn on and off the flow of CO2 based on the pH inside the reactor. The pH range for the typical calcium reactor is 6.5–6.8.
Ideally, the level of ammonia (NH 3) and ammonium compounds (i.e. those containing NH 4 +) in fish tanks should be zero. Although trace amounts are generally harmless, they can still lead to problems over time. [1] Understanding the nitrogen cycle is essential for the keeping of any aquatic life. The source of ammonia in fish tanks is fish's ...
A shoal of neon tetras in a home aquarium. In the wild they inhabit very soft, acidic waters (pH 4.0 to 4.8) [16] Ideal pH for aquarium is 7.0, but a range of 6.0 to 8.0 is tolerable. [17] They can have a lifespan of as long as ten years, [18] but normally just two to three years in an aquarium. [19]
Most freshwater aquarium fish do well in water that is soft to moderately hard, and that has a pH between 6 and 8. Brackish water aquaria are a special case and need dedicated community tanks. While a few freshwater and marine fish can adapt to brackish water, most cannot.
A low pH will lead to high levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2), which can prove toxic to fish. [12] pH can also be controlled by degassing CO 2 in a packed column or with an aerator, this is necessary in intensive systems especially where oxygenation instead of aeration is used in tanks to maintain O 2 levels. [13]