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Some PADI training standards have been found to be ambiguous of contradictory, For example, the PADI Advanced Open Water Diver course does not require direct instructor supervision of a student during "adventure dives", which may include a diver's first experience using a dry suit, while the standard for the PADI Dry Suit Diver course requires ...
Open Water Diver (OWD) is an entry-level autonomous diver certification for recreational scuba diving.Although different agencies use different names, similar entry-level courses are offered by all recreational diving agencies and consist of a combination of knowledge development (theory), confined water dives (practical training) and open water dives (experience) suitable to allow the diver ...
PADI allows SD divers to dive to a depth of 12 meters, accompanied by a PADI Divemaster or Instructor. The PADI Scuba Diver course includes the first three lessons of the five-part Open Water Diver course (OWD). Due to the modular design, Open Water Diver training can be divided into two courses, of which the first is PADI Scuba Diver.
The earliest known diving manual was written by the Deane brothers in 1836. This described the use of the Deane helmet, which was not attached to the suit, and was open to the water at the bottom, and would flood if the diver bent over or fell, but could not cause helmet squeeze. [5] Siebe Gorman produced diving manuals in the 19th century.
The Scuba Schools International (SSI) Open Water Diver Course (OWD) is a basic dive certification equivalent to the standard Autonomous Diver. The training includes at least 4 open water dives, which can only be carried out after the successful completion of the theoretical training. SSI allows OWD divers to dive to a maximum depth of 18 meters ...
Advanced Open Water Diver (PADI, SSI) CMAS** scuba diver is a certification for recreational scuba diving issued by the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS). which indicate that the diver has been found competent to dive in open water to a maximum depth of 40 meters, accompanied by another diver with equivalent or higher ...
Open water is unrestricted water such as a sea, lake or flooded quarry, where the diver has unobstructed direct vertical access to the surface of the water in contact with the atmosphere. [6] Open-water diving implies that if a problem arises, the diver can directly ascend vertically to the atmosphere to breathe the ambient air. [ 7 ]
The equivalent course offered by National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) is the Advanced Scuba Diver. As a second level qualification, the AOWD certification level is aimed somewhere between the CMAS* Diver and CMAS** Diver qualifications, or between the British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) Ocean Diver and Sports Diver qualifications, although some differences occur.