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These initial steps toward research on literary translation were collected in James S. Holmes' paper at the Third International Congress of Applied Linguistics held in Copenhagen in 1972. In that paper, "The name and nature of translation studies", Holmes asked for the consolidation of a separate discipline and proposed a classification of the ...
Translational research (also called translation research, translational science, or, when the context is clear, simply translation) [1] [2] is research aimed at translating (converting) results in basic research into results that directly benefit humans.
In sociology, translation is a process which creates a situation where certain actors control others as a consequence of the displacements and transformations made by an actor. For example, the three researchers established themselves as the obligatory passage point in the network of relationships they were building, which made them ...
The sociology of literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture.It studies the social production of literature and its social implications. A notable example is Pierre Bourdieu's 1992 Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire, translated by Susan Emanuel as Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field (1996).
Holmes' paper "The Name and Nature of Translation Studies" (1972) [6] is widely recognized as founding Translation Studies as a coordinated research program. Holmes' many articles on translation made him one of the key members of Descriptive Translation Studies , and still today he is frequently cited in the bibliographies in this field.
The polysystem theory has been embraced by students of literature and culture all over the world, [2] and has particularly gained attention in the field of Scandinavian studies. [ 3 ] Its foremost advocate is the Israeli linguist Itamar Even-Zohar . [ 4 ]
Translation criticism has several open issues, such as the name for the practice of evaluating translations, and the criteria for evaluation, each of which merits a detailed study. [7] A literary text may be explored as a translation, not primarily to judge it, but to understand where the text stands in relation to its original by examining the ...
Anton Popovič also assumes that there is a difference between linguistic and cultural untranslatability, an idea that he defends in A Dictionary for the Analysis of Literary Translation: "A situation in which the linguistic elements of the original cannot be replaced adequately in structural, linear, functional or semantic terms in consequence ...