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  2. Crusades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades

    The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...

  3. Siege of Jerusalem (1099) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)

    The five-week siege began on 7 June 1099 and was carried out by the Christian forces of Western Europe mobilized by Pope Urban II after the Council of Clermont in 1095. The city had been out of Christian control since the Muslim conquest of the Levant in 637 and had been held for a century first by the Seljuk Turks and later by the Egyptian ...

  4. First Crusade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade

    The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...

  5. List of Crusades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crusades

    The Crusade of Nicholas V (1455–1456). After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, pope Nicholas V planned a small crusade to recapture the city, reconfirmed by Callixtus III after Nicholas' death. Only John Hunyadi responded, defeating the Turks at Belgrade in 1456 before his untimely death. See Crusade of St. John of ...

  6. Massacre at Ayyadieh - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_at_Ayyadieh

    The Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi ("Account of the Crusade and the Deeds of King Richard"), a Latin book written in the early 1220s by the English canon Richard de Templo, who may or may not have participated in the Third Crusade himself; The Crusade and Death of Richard I, a mid-13th-century Anglo-Norman anonymous chronicle ...

  7. List of battles by casualties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_battles_by_casualties

    First Crusade: 11,000 4,000 Siege of Ma'arra: 1098 First Crusade: 45,000 (including civilians and soldiers executed and cannibalized) ... List of wars by death toll;

  8. Chronology of the Northern Crusades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Northern...

    This chronology presents the timeline of the Northern Crusades beginning with the 10th century establishment of Christian churches in northern Europe. These were primarily Christianization campaigns undertaken by the Christian kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden together with the Teutonic Knights, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and ...

  9. Chronology of the Crusades, 1187–1291 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Crusades...

    Frederick agrees to lead the Crusade and again takes the cross. [184] 14 July. Louis VIII of France becomes king after the death of his father Philip II of France. [185] (Date unknown). The Niceans defeat the Latins at the Battle of Poimanenon. [186] 1224 (Date unknown). Amaury de Montfort cedes his titles and lands in Languedoc to Louis VIII ...