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Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1 ]
Middle childhood/preadolescence or ages 6–12 universally mark a distinctive period between major developmental transition points. [2] Adolescence is the stage of life that typically starts around the major onset of puberty, with markers such as menarche and spermarche, typically occurring at 12–14 years of age. [3]
Each child develops in a unique way; however, using norms helps in understanding these general patterns of development while recognizing the wide variation between individuals. One way to identify pervasive developmental disorders is if infants fail to meet the development milestones in time or at all.
As the child learns to trust the world around them, they also acquire the virtue of hope. [11] Should parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet the child's basic needs; a sense of mistrust will result. [20] Development of mistrust can later lead to feelings of frustration, suspicion, withdrawal, and a lack of confidence. [18]
The latency stage may begin around the age of 7 (the end of early childhood) and may continue until puberty, which happens around the age of 13.The age range is affected by childrearing practices; mothers in developed countries, during the time when Freud was forming his theories, were more likely to stay at home with young children, and adolescents began puberty on average later than ...
Children who develop "guilt" rather than "initiative" have failed Erikson's psychosocial crisis for the 3–5 age group. Middle and Late childhood ages 6–12. For Erik Erikson, the psychosocial crisis during middle childhood is Industry vs. Inferiority which, if successfully met, instills a sense of Competency in the child. [108]
Parents are the primary source of social and emotional development in infancy, early, and middle/late childhood. The socialization practices of parents influence whether their child will develop social competence. [20] Parenting style captures two essential elements of parenting: parental warmth/responsiveness and parental control/demandingness ...
The Maturational Theory of child development was introduced in 1925 [1] by Dr. Arnold Gesell, an American educator, pediatrician and clinical psychologist whose studies focused on "the course, the pattern and the rate of maturational growth in normal and exceptional children"(Gesell 1928). [2]