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Cryonics (from Greek: κρύος kryos, meaning "cold") is the low-temperature freezing (usually at −196 °C or −320.8 °F or 77.1 K) and storage of human remains in the hope that resurrection may be possible in the future. [1] [2] Cryonics is regarded with skepticism by the mainstream scientific community.
Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...
A tank of liquid nitrogen, used to supply a cryogenic freezer (for storing laboratory samples at a temperature of about −150 °C or −238 °F) Controlled-rate and slow freezing, also known as slow programmable freezing (SPF), [18] is a technique where cells are cooled to around -196 °C over the course of several hours.
Cryogenic IQF freezers immerse the product in liquid nitrogen at very low temperatures, freezing it rapidly while continuously moving the product to avoid block or lump formation. [5] Although this method shows good freezing results, it might lead to higher processing costs per weight of product due to the cost of the liquid nitrogen required.
The Cryonics Institute also specializes in Human Cryostasis, DNA/Tissue Freezing, Pet Cryopreservation, and Memorabilia Storage. [12] [13] The cryonics institute finances itself through membership dues and donations. The cost for cryopreservation is less than $30,000 but the total costs including logistics might add up to more than $100,000.
This rapid freezing is done by submerging the sample in liquid nitrogen or a mixture of dry ice and ethanol. [6] American inventor Clarence Birdseye developed the "quick-freezing" process of food preservation in the 20th century using a cryogenic process. [7] In practice, a mechanical freezing process is usually used due to cost instead.