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Hepatomegaly is enlargement of the liver. [4] It is a non-specific medical sign , having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection , hepatic tumours , and metabolic disorder . Often, hepatomegaly presents as an abdominal mass .
The liver span is a measurement performed during physical examination to determine the size of the liver and identify possible hepatomegaly.. It is the distance between the lower border of the liver in the mid-clavicular line obtained by palpation, and the upper border of the liver in the mid-clavicular line detected by percussion (the upper border of the liver lies behind the ribs and can not ...
In cases that are unresponsive to all other forms of treatment, cardiac transplantation is one option. It is also the only treatment available for end-stage heart failure. [48] However, transplantation must occur before the onset of symptoms such as pulmonary vessel hypertension, kidney malfunction, and thromboembolism for it to be successful.
Heart: Cardiomegaly: Medical imaging: Indicated by cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5. [7] Autopsy: Cardiomegaly has been suggested when the heart weighs more than >399 grams in women and >449 grams in men. [8] Large intestine: Dilation Upper limit of normal range of diameter: [9] Cecum: 10.5 cm; Ascending colon: 7.0 cm; Transverse colon: 6.5 cm
Treatments for heart failure include medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, a ventricular assist device, heart valve replacements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (if the heart failure worsens suddenly and especially if an infection was the cause), an artificial heart, or a heart transplant (from a deceased human donor, or from a pig ...
In 2021, the American Heart Association clarified that "heart attack" is often mistakenly used to describe cardiac arrest. While a heart attack refers to death of heart muscle tissue as a result of blood supply loss, cardiac arrest is caused when the heart's electrical system malfunctions. Furthermore, the American Heart Association explains ...
Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, is the use of ultrasound to examine the heart. It is a type of medical imaging , using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound . [ 1 ] The visual image formed using this technique is called an echocardiogram , a cardiac echo , or simply an echo .
Apical four chamber ultrasound view of heart. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) uses ultrasonic waves for continuous heart chamber and blood movement visualization. It is the most commonly used imaging tool for diagnosing heart problems, as it allows non-invasive visualization of the heart and the blood flow through the heart, using a technique known as Doppler.