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For a score of n (for example, if 3 choices match three of the 6 balls drawn, then n = 3), () describes the odds of selecting n winning numbers from the 6 winning numbers. This means that there are 6 - n losing numbers, which are chosen from the 43 losing numbers in ( 43 6 − n ) {\displaystyle {43 \choose 6-n}} ways.
For example, if a teacher has a class arranged in 5 rows of 6 columns and she wants to take a random sample of 5 students she might pick one of the 6 columns at random. This would be an epsem sample but not all subsets of 5 pupils are equally likely here, as only the subsets that are arranged as a single column are eligible for selection.
In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following question: if each box of a given product (e.g., breakfast cereals) contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more than t boxes need to be bought ...
Before the host opens a door, there is a 1 / 3 probability that the car is behind each door. If the car is behind door 1, the host can open either door 2 or door 3, so the probability that the car is behind door 1 and the host opens door 3 is 1 / 3 × 1 / 2 = 1 / 6 .
In expected utility theory, a lottery is a discrete distribution of probability on a set of states of nature.The elements of a lottery correspond to the probabilities that each of the states of nature will occur, (e.g. Rain: 0.70, No Rain: 0.30). [1]
However in many situations, you pay the possible loss ("stake" or "wager") up front and, if you win, you are paid the net win plus you also get your stake returned. So wagering 2 at "3 to 2", pays out 3 + 2 = 5, which is called "5 for 2". When Moneyline odds are quoted as a positive number +X, it means that a wager pays X to 100.
In probability and statistics, an urn problem is an idealized mental exercise in which some objects of real interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) are represented as colored balls in an urn or other container. One pretends to remove one or more balls from the urn; the goal is to determine the probability of drawing one color or another ...
which is tight up to an additive constant. (All the bounds hold with probability at least 1 − 1 / n c {\displaystyle 1-1/n^{c}} for any constant c > 0 {\displaystyle c>0} .)