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The propositional calculus [a] is a branch of logic. [1] It is also called propositional logic, [2] statement logic, [1] sentential calculus, [3] sentential logic, [4] [1] or sometimes zeroth-order logic. [b] [6] [7] [8] Sometimes, it is called first-order propositional logic [9] to contrast it with System F, but it should not be confused with ...
The predicate calculus goes a step further than the propositional calculus to an "analysis of the inner structure of propositions" [4] It breaks a simple sentence down into two parts (i) its subject (the object (singular or plural) of discourse) and (ii) a predicate (a verb or possibly verb-clause that asserts a quality or attribute of the object(s)).
Propositional calculus; Rules of inference; Implication introduction / elimination (modus ponens) Biconditional introduction / elimination; Conjunction introduction / elimination; Disjunction introduction / elimination; Disjunctive / hypothetical syllogism; Constructive / destructive dilemma; Absorption / modus tollens / modus ponendo tollens
A graphical representation of a partially built propositional tableau. In proof theory, the semantic tableau [1] (/ t æ ˈ b l oʊ, ˈ t æ b l oʊ /; plural: tableaux), also called an analytic tableau, [2] truth tree, [1] or simply tree, [2] is a decision procedure for sentential and related logics, and a proof procedure for formulae of first-order logic. [1]
The implicational propositional calculus is semantically complete with respect to the usual two-valued semantics of classical propositional logic. That is, if Γ is a set of implicational formulas, and A is an implicational formula entailed by Γ, then Γ ⊢ A {\displaystyle \Gamma \vdash A} .
In propositional calculus, a propositional function or a predicate is a sentence expressed in a way that would assume the value of true or false, except that within the sentence there is a variable (x) that is not defined or specified (thus being a free variable), which leaves the statement undetermined.
For propositional logic, systematically applying the resolution rule acts as a decision procedure for formula unsatisfiability, solving the (complement of the) Boolean satisfiability problem. For first-order logic , resolution can be used as the basis for a semi-algorithm for the unsatisfiability problem of first-order logic , providing a more ...
Propositional logic (also referred to as Sentential logic) refers to a form of logic in which formulae known as "sentences" can be formed by combining other simpler sentences using logical connectives, and a system of formal proof rules allows certain formulae to be established as theorems.