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Gamma correction or gamma is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems. [1] Gamma correction is, in the simplest cases, defined by the following power-law expression: =,
It can also be seen as a linear interpolation between the gamma correction with γ=2 (for b=0), and a certain tonal curve (for b=1). (The latter curve is equivalent to applying γ=2 to the negative of image.) A third formula defined by illusions.hu [7] corrects the discontinuity in a different way, doing gamma correction with γ depending on b:
On a typical standard 2.2-gamma CRT display, an input intensity RGB value of (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) only outputs about 22% of full brightness (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), instead of 50%. [19] To obtain the correct response, a gamma correction is used in encoding the image data, and possibly further corrections as part of the color calibration process of the device.
An image pipeline or video pipeline is the set of components commonly used between an image source (such as a camera, a scanner, or the rendering engine in a computer game), and an image renderer (such as a television set, a computer screen, a computer printer or cinema screen), or for performing any intermediate digital image processing consisting of two or more separate processing blocks.
In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors like white or grey – correctly.
Luma is the weighted sum of gamma-compressed R′G′B′ components of a color video—the prime symbols ′ denote gamma compression. The word was proposed to prevent confusion between luma as implemented in video engineering and relative luminance as used in color science (i.e. as defined by CIE ).
Interpolation and Gamma Correction In most real-world systems, gamma correction is required to linearize the response curve of the sensor and display systems. If this is not taken into account, the resultant non-linear distortion will defeat the purpose of anti-aliasing calculations based on the assumption of a linear system response.
The Y′ image is essentially a greyscale copy of the main image. YCbCr, Y′CbCr, or Y Pb/Cb Pr/Cr, also written as YC B C R or Y′C B C R, is a family of color spaces used as a part of the color image pipeline in digital video and photography systems. Y′ is the luma component and C B and C R are the blue-difference and red-difference ...