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Folin's reagent or sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate is a chemical reagent used as a derivatizing agent to measure levels of amines and amino acids. [1] The reagent reacts with them in alkaline solution to produce a fluorescent material that can be easily detected.
The Sullivan reaction is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of cysteine or cystine in proteins. A red colour appears when a protein with cysteine or cystine is heated with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (Folin's reagent) and sodium dithionite under alkaline conditions.
The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.The reaction was first described by Oscar Hinsberg in 1890. [1] [2] In this test, the amine is shaken well with the Hinsberg reagent (benzenesulfonyl chloride) in the presence of aqueous alkali (either KOH or NaOH).
Benzenesulfonyl chloride is an electrophilic reagent. It hydrolyzes with heat but is stable toward cold water. [2] Amines react to give sulfonamides. This reaction is the basis of the Hinsberg test for amines. [3]
An example of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are prepared industrially by the sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), which can themselves be prepared in several ways. [2] In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst. [9]
A wide variety of functional groups are unaffected by these conditions, including many that are transformed by dissolving metal reductions. Reductive desulfonylation with these reagents does not occur in reactions of β-hydroxy sulfones, due to the poor leaving group ability of the hydroxyl group. [13
In organic synthesis, PPTS is used as a weakly acidic catalyst, providing an organic soluble source of pyridinium (C 5 H 5 NH +) ions.For example, PPTS is used to deprotect silyl ethers or tetrahydropyranyl ethers when a substrate is unstable to stronger acid catalysts.
Under these conditions, the sulfonate groups are fully deprotonated and the mediator exists as a dianion. ABTS –· + e – → ABTS 2– E° ′ = 0.67 V vs SHE ABTS + e – → ABTS –· E° ′ = 1.08 V vs SHE [1] This compound is chosen because the enzyme facilitates the reaction with hydrogen peroxide, turning it into a green and soluble ...