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In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V 2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face, [1] and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve.
They then enter the alveolar canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla, and, passing from behind forward in the substance of the bone, communicate with the middle superior alveolar nerve, and give off branches to the lining membrane of the maxillary sinus and gingival and dental branches to each molar tooth from a superior dental ...
Its parasympathetic root is derived from the nervus intermedius (a part of the facial nerve) through the greater petrosal nerve.. In the pterygopalatine ganglion, the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve synapse with neurons whose postganglionic axons, vasodilator, and secretory fibers are distributed with the deep branches of the trigeminal ...
The zygomatic nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). It arises in the pterygopalatine fossa and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure before dividing into its two terminal branches: the zygomaticotemporal nerve and zygomaticofacial nerve.
The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V); [2] it may be considered as the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve. [3] It arises from the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa. [2]
From its convex border arise the ophthalmic nerve (V 1), maxillary nerve (V 2), and mandibular nerve (V 3). [2] The ganglion receives, on its medial side, filaments from the carotid plexus of the sympathetic. It issues minute branches to the tentorium cerebelli, and the dura mater in the middle cranial fossa. [citation needed]
The anterior superior alveolar nerve (or anterior superior dental nerve) is a branch of the infraorbital nerve (itself a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2)). [1] It passes through the canalis sinuosus to reach and innervate upper front teeth. Through its nasal branch, it also innervates parts of the nasal cavity.
The two pterygopalatine nerves (or sphenopalatine branches) descend to the pterygopalatine ganglion. [1] Although it is closely related to the pterygopalatine ganglion, it is still considered a branch of the maxillary nerve and does not synapse in the ganglion. [2] It is found in the pterygopalatine fossa. [3]