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Users type in domain names, such as example.org, which the computer's DNS software looks up in the DNS databases to retrieve an IP address, and then hands off that address to the protocol stack for further communications. [5] Looking up an address using DNS requires the IP address of the DNS server to be known.
"IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). 21 December 2017 The authoritative up-to-date list of IANA assignments. "ARIN Whois Database". American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) Historical IP address lists: "INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS SPACE".
DHCP is used to assign internal IP addresses to members of a local area network. A DHCP server typically runs on the router [9] with end devices as its clients. All DHCP clients request configuration settings using the DHCP protocol in order to acquire their IP address, a default route and one or more DNS server addresses.
Link-local addresses may be assigned manually by an administrator or by automatic operating system procedures. In Internet Protocol (IP) networks, they are assigned most often using stateless address autoconfiguration, a process that often uses a stochastic process to select the value of link-local addresses, assigning a pseudo-random address that is different for each session.
The new Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) 3.0 in Windows Vista has a new feature called Neighbor Casting which supports peer-to-peer file transfers within a domain; this facilitates Peer Caching, allowing users to download and serve content (such as WSUS updates) from peers on the same subnet, receive notifications when a file is ...
Before claiming an IP address, the client should probe the newly received address (e.g. with ARP), in order to find if there is another host present in the network with the proposed IP address. [ 8 ] : sec. 2.2 If there is no reply, this address does not conflict with that of another host, so it is free to be used.
IP addresses are assigned to a host either dynamically as they join the network, or persistently by configuration of the host hardware or software. Persistent configuration is also known as using a static IP address. In contrast, when a computer's IP address is assigned each time it restarts, this is known as using a dynamic IP address.
802.5 (Token Ring) networks do not use a ring topology at layer 1. Token Ring networks are technologies developed by IBM typically used in local area networks. Token Ring (802.5) networks imitate a ring at layer 2 but use a physical star at layer 1. "Rings prevent collisions." The term "ring" only refers to the layout of the cables.