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In addition to cold injuries, breathing cold air can cause dehydration, because the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified from body moisture. [15] There is also a higher risk of sunburn due to the reduced blocking of ultraviolet by the thinner atmosphere.
The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological observatories and weather stations, usually using thermometers placed in a shelter such as a Stevenson screen—a standardized, well-ventilated, white-painted instrument shelter. The thermometers should be positioned 1.25–2 m above the ground.
At the 60th parallel, the air rises to the tropopause (about 8 km at this latitude) and moves poleward. As it does so, the upper-level air mass deviates toward the east. When the air reaches the polar areas, it has cooled by radiation to space and is considerably denser than the underlying air. It descends, creating a cold, dry high-pressure area.
The core of the cold air and dangerously low RealFeel Temperatures will expand eastward next week. ... However, the ice buildup may be gradual so ice could be dangerously thin for a time.
Air pollution is the introduction of airborne chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to organisms. [53] The population growth , industrialization and motorization of human societies have significantly increased the amount of airborne pollutants in the Earth's atmosphere, causing noticeable problems ...
At 20 °C and 101.325 kPa, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m 3. At 70 °F and 14.696 psi, dry air has a density of 0.074887 lb/ft 3. The following table illustrates the air density–temperature relationship at 1 atm or 101.325 kPa: [citation needed]
Air within a stable layer is not turbulent. [10] Conditions associated with a marine layer, a stable atmosphere common on the west side of continents near cold water currents, leads to overnight and morning fog. [11] Undular bores can form when a low level boundary such as a cold front or outflow boundary approaches
Origins of heat and cold adaptations can be explained by climatic adaptation. [16] [17] Ambient air temperature affects how much energy investment the human body must make. The temperature that requires the least amount of energy investment is 21 °C (70 °F).