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  2. Electron capture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture

    Simple electron capture by itself results in a neutral atom, since the loss of the electron in the electron shell is balanced by a loss of positive nuclear charge. However, a positive atomic ion may result from further Auger electron emission. Electron capture is an example of weak interaction, one of the four fundamental forces.

  3. Internal conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conversion

    Electron capture also involves an inner shell electron, which in this case is retained in the nucleus (changing the atomic number) and leaving the atom (not nucleus) in an excited state. The atom missing an inner electron can relax by a cascade of X-ray emissions as higher energy electrons in the atom fall to fill the vacancy left in the ...

  4. Potassium-40 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-40

    In about 89.28% of events, it decays to calcium-40 (40 Ca) with emission of a beta particle (β −, an electron) with a maximum energy of 1.31 MeV and an antineutrino. In about 10.72% of events, it decays to argon-40 ( 40 Ar) by electron capture (EC), with the emission of a neutrino and then a 1.460 MeV photon .

  5. Positron emission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission

    Nuclei which decay by positron emission may also decay by electron capture. For low-energy decays, electron capture is energetically favored by 2m e c 2 = 1.022 MeV, since the final state has an electron removed rather than a positron added. As the energy of the decay goes up, so does the branching fraction of positron emission.

  6. Beta decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay

    decay (positron emission) of a nucleus is allowed energetically, so too is electron capture allowed. This is a process during which a nucleus captures one of its atomic electrons, resulting in the emission of a neutrino: A Z X + e − → A Z−1 X′ + ν e. An example of electron capture is one of the decay modes of krypton-81 into bromine-81 ...

  7. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    The electron or positron emissions are called beta particles. Beta decay either increases or decreases the atomic number of the nucleus by one. Electron capture is more common than positron emission, because it requires less energy. In this type of decay, an electron is absorbed by the nucleus, rather than a positron emitted from the nucleus.

  8. Radioactive decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay

    In electron capture, some proton-rich nuclides were found to capture their own atomic electrons instead of emitting positrons, and subsequently, these nuclides emit only a neutrino and a gamma ray from the excited nucleus (and often also Auger electrons and characteristic X-rays, as a result of the re-ordering of electrons to fill the place of ...

  9. Electron emission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_emission

    In physics, electron emission is the ejection of an electron from the surface of matter, [1] or, in beta decay (β− decay), where a beta particle (a fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus transforming the original nuclide to an isobar.