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The Arabic script, also called the Perso-Arabic script [a] is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa.
The Arabic alphabet, [a] or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, [ b ] of which most have contextual letterforms.
Hassaniya Arabic, Maltese, and Cypriot Arabic are only varieties of modern Arabic to have acquired official recognition. [66] Hassaniya is official in Mali [ 67 ] and recognized as a minority language in Morocco, [ 68 ] while the Senegalese government adopted the Latin script to write it. [ 11 ]
Arabic (alongside English) was an official language in South Sudan from 1863 (these days a part of Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867)) until 2011 (that time the independent state Republic of South Sudan), when the former government canceled Arabic as an official language. Since 2011 English is the sole official language of South Sudan.
Arabic script reached a climax in aesthetics and geographic spread under the Abbasid Caliphate. [11] In this period, Ibn al-Bawwab and Ibn Muqla had the most influence on the standardization of Arabic script. [11] They were associated with al-khatt al-mansūb (الخط المنسوب), or "proportioned script." [15] [16]
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
Arabic script is the most widespread RTL writing system in modern times, being used as an official script in 29 sovereign states. Hebrew and Thaana scripts are other RTL writing systems that are official in Israel and the Maldives respectively. Ancient Chinese was written top to bottom, right to left
The rules governing ligature formation in Arabic can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as the Arabic Calligraphic Engine by Thomas Milo's DecoType. [2] As of Unicode 16.0, the Arabic script is contained in the following blocks: [3] Arabic (0600–06FF, 256 characters) Arabic Supplement (0750–077F, 48 characters)