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Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato .
Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. [1] Several species cause Lyme disease , also called Lyme borreliosis, a zoonotic , vector-borne disease transmitted by ticks . Other species of Borrelia cause relapsing fever , and are transmitted by ticks or lice , depending on the species of bacteria. [ 2 ]
Neuroborreliosis is often preceded by the typical symptoms of Lyme disease, which include erythema migrans and flu-like symptoms such as fever and muscle aches. Neurologic symptoms of neuroborreliosis include the meningoradiculitis (which is more common in European patients), cranial nerve abnormalities, and altered mental status. Sensory ...
Afzelius published his work 12 years later and speculated the rash came from the bite of an Ixodes tick, meningitic symptoms and signs in a number of cases and that both sexes were affected. This rash was known as erythema chronicum migrans, the skin rash found in early-stage Lyme disease.
Lyme disease is an infectious disease that’s found around the world—in the US it’s most commonly caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and cousins of this bacteria, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii are causes of Lyme disease in Europe and Asia. And new ones are still being found.
[3] [4] Borrelia species in the species complex known to cause Lyme disease are collectively called Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), not to be confused with the single species Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a member of the complex, which is responsible for nearly all cases of Lyme disease in North America. [5]
The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme Disease, is transmitted by ticks and members of the bacterial genus Rickettsia are transmitted by lice. For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus.