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In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , thermal conductivity , and electrical conductivity . [ 3 ]
Foster's rule, the island rule, or the island effect states that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The rule was first stated by J. Bristol Foster in 1964 in the journal Nature , in an article titled "The evolution of mammals on islands".
Reuss (1929) [5] - Stresses constant in composite, rule of mixtures for compliance components. Strength of Materials (SOM) - Longitudinally: strains constant in composite , stresses volume-additive. Transversely: stresses constant in composite, strains volume-additive.
Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.
In crystallography, materials science and metallurgy, Vegard's law is an empirical finding (heuristic approach) resembling the rule of mixtures.In 1921, Lars Vegard discovered that the lattice parameter of a solid solution of two constituents is approximately a weighted mean of the two constituents' lattice parameters at the same temperature: [1] [2]
In addition, a heterogeneous mixture may have a uniform (e.g. a colloid) or non-uniform (e.g. a pencil) composition. Several solid substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in water to form homogeneous mixtures or "solutions", in which there are both a solute (dissolved substance) and a solvent (dissolving medium) present.
Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. Humphrey's law : conscious attention to a task normally performed automatically can impair its performance.
Miscibility (/ ˌ m ɪ s ɪ ˈ b ɪ l ɪ t i /) is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution). Such substances are said to be miscible (etymologically equivalent to the common term "mixable").