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Phenacetin may be synthesized as an example of the Williamson ether synthesis: ethyl iodide, paracetamol, and anhydrous potassium carbonate are heated in 2-butanone to give the crude product, which is recrystallized from water.
It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs, dyes, and the sweetener dulcin. [1] p-Phenetidine is a metabolite of the pharmaceutical drugs bucetin and phenacetin [3] and of the preservative ethoxyquin. [4] It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of bucetin, phenacetin, ethoxyquin, and phenacaine.
The synthesis of phenacaine begins with the condensation of p-phenetidine (1) with triethyl orthoacetate (2) to afford the imino ether (a Pinner salt, 3).Reaction of that intermediate with a second equivalent of the aniline results (4) in a net displacement of ethanol, probably by an addition-elimination scheme, producing the amidine, phenacaine (5).
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol . This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [ 2 ] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction .
phenacetin; There is evidence that a compound of two analgesics with different mechanism of action can have an increased painkilling effect over the sum of the effect of each individual analgesic. [1] Several such formulations have disappeared from over-the-counter status in drug store aisles and other retail outlets.
One of the earliest widely used analgesics and antipyretics, phenazone was gradually replaced in common use by other medications including phenacetin (itself later withdrawn because of safety concerns), aspirin, paracetamol and modern NSAIDs such as ibuprofen.
Trademarked in 1918, Anacin is one of the oldest brands of pain relievers in the United States. It originally contained acetophenetidin (phenacetin) and was promoted as "aspirin-free relief," but was reformulated in the 1980s following the FDA's ruling to withdraw phenacetin from the market in 1983 due to concerns over its carcinogenic ...
Dulcin is an artificial sweetener about 250 times sweeter than sugar, discovered in 1883 by the Polish chemist Józef (Joseph) Berlinerblau (27 August 1859 – 1935 ...