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Venn diagram of . In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction.The logical connective of this operator is typically represented as [1] or & or (prefix) or or [2] in which is the most modern and widely used.
The corresponding logical symbols are "", "", [6] and , [10] and sometimes "iff".These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic (particularly those on first-order logic, rather than propositional logic) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas ...
For the rules which allow new well-formed formulas to be constructed by joining other well-formed formulas using truth-functional connectives, see well-formed formula. Logical connectives can be used to link zero or more statements, so one can speak about n-ary logical connectives.
In the above example, IIf is a ternary function, but not a ternary operator. As a function, the values of all three portions are evaluated before the function call occurs. This imposed limitations, and in Visual Basic .Net 9.0, released with Visual Studio 2008, an actual conditional operator was introduced, using the If keyword instead of IIf ...
A propositional formula may also be called a propositional expression, a sentence, [1] or a sentential formula. A propositional formula is constructed from simple propositions , such as "five is greater than three" or propositional variables such as p and q , using connectives or logical operators such as NOT, AND, OR, or IMPLIES; for example:
Venn diagram of (true part in red) In logic and mathematics, the logical biconditional, also known as material biconditional or equivalence or biimplication or bientailment, is the logical connective used to conjoin two statements and to form the statement "if and only if" (often abbreviated as "iff " [1]), where is known as the antecedent, and the consequent.
A formula consists of propositional variables connected by logical connectives, built up in such a way that the truth of the overall formula can be deduced from the truth or falsity of each variable. A valuation is a function that assigns each propositional variable to either T (for truth) or F (for falsity).
However, note that performance suffers when there are more than 100 alternatives. Placing common values earlier in the list of cases can cause the function to execute significantly faster. For each case, either side of the equals sign "=" can be a simple string, a call to a parser function (including #expr to evaulate expressions), or a ...