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Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. [2] Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. [2] [3] One part or the entire abdomen may be tender. [1]
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Primary peritonitis is the diffuse bacterial infection of the peritoneum while the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is preserved (in cases of ascites); secondary peritonitis is the infection of peritoneum where the integrity of gastrointestinal tract is compromised; tertiary peritonitis is reinfection of peritoneum 48 hours after ...
The diagnosis of tertiary peritonitis should be timely and preferably before laparotomy to help reduce the risk of complications. This will improve the outcome of the condition. Diagnosis of tertiary peritonitis is firstly supported by clinical signs e.g. fever, hypotension. Surgically, it is diagnosed by a second operation i.e. emergency ...
The diagnosis is typically based on the presenting signs and symptoms. [2] It is recommended that the disease be considered in all women of childbearing age who have lower abdominal pain. [2] A definitive diagnosis of PID is made by finding pus involving the fallopian tubes during surgery. [2] Ultrasound may also be useful in diagnosis. [2]
Symptoms include abdominal pain which may come and go, vomiting, abdominal bloating, and bloody stool. [1] It often results in a small bowel obstruction. [1] Other complications may include peritonitis or bowel perforation. [1] The cause in children is typically unknown; in adults a lead point is sometimes present. [1]
A common cause of peritonitis is touch contamination, e.g. insertion of catheter by un-sanitized hands, which potentially introduces bacteria to the abdomen; other causes include catheter complication, transplantation of bowel bacteria, and systemic infections. [9] Most common type of PD-peritonitis infection (80%) are from bacterial sources. [9]
Diagnosis through laparoscopy can also be done to distinguish between acute appendicitis and Valentino's syndrome. [citation needed] Since there has been very few cases of Valentino's syndrome recorded to this day, [4] most studies on this condition include observations of the patient from onset to recovery and on site medical decision making.