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Branch point in a polymer Glycogen, a branched polysaccharide In polymer chemistry , branching is the regular or irregular attachment of side chains to a polymer 's backbone chain . It occurs by the replacement of a substituent (e.g. a hydrogen atom ) on a monomer subunit by another covalently-bonded chain of that polymer; or, in the case of a ...
Branch point in a polymer. Polymer architecture in polymer science relates to the way branching leads to a deviation from a strictly linear polymer chain. [1] Branching may occur randomly or reactions may be designed so that specific architectures are targeted. [1] It is an important microstructural feature.
Increase in concentration which can occur via solvent evaporation, induces interaction between molecular chains and a possible crystallization as in the crystallization from the melt. [12] Crystallization from solution may result in the highest degree of polymer crystallinity.
For a spherical interface, the Gibbs–Thomson equation then gives a melting point depression compared to a flat interface , which has the relation where is the radius of the sphere. This curvature undercooling, the effective lowering of the melting point at the interface, sustains the spherical shape for small radii.
A monomer with functionality of 3 or more will introduce branching in a polymer and will ultimately form a cross-linked macrostructure or network even at low fractional conversion. The point at which a tree-like topology transits to a network is known as the gel point because it is signalled by an abrupt change in viscosity.
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.
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The Flory–Fox equation relates the number-average molecular weight, M n, to the glass transition temperature, T g, as shown below: =, where T g,∞ is the maximum glass transition temperature that can be achieved at a theoretical infinite molecular weight and K is an empirical parameter that is related to the free volume present in the polymer sample.