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Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.
Mycoses are caused by certain fungi; yeasts, molds and some fungi that can exist as both a mold and yeast. [3] [6] They are everywhere and infection occurs after spores are either breathed in, come into contact with skin or enter the body through the skin such as via a cut, wound or injection. [3]
Mycoses: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prophylaxis of Fungal Diseases is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering mycology. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief are Oliver Cornely, Jacques Meis and Martin Schaller. It is the official publication of the Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft.
Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term fungal infection of the skin [2] and subcutaneous tissue (a chronic subcutaneous mycosis). [3] It can be caused by many different types of fungi which become implanted under the skin, often by thorns or splinters. [4] Chromoblastomycosis spreads very slowly. [citation needed]
There may be no symptoms, [4] or talaromycosis may present with small painless skin lesions. [2] The head and neck are most often affected. [2] Other features include: fever, general discomfort, weight loss, cough, difficulty breathing, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, swelling of the spleen (splenomegaly), liver swelling (hepatomegaly), swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), [2] and anemia.
Athlete's foot is a form of dermatophytosis (fungal infection of the skin), caused by dermatophytes, funguses (most of which are mold) which inhabit dead layers of skin and digest keratin. [2] Dermatophytes are anthropophilic , meaning these parasitic funguses prefer human hosts.
Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota.It is an exclusively clonal, [2] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide. [3]
Sézary disease, or Sézary syndrome, [1] is a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that was first described by Albert Sézary. [2] The affected T cells, known as Sézary's cells or Lutzner cells, have pathological quantities of mucopolysaccharides. Sézary disease is sometimes considered a late stage of mycosis fungoides with lymphadenopathy. [3] [4]