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Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.
Nodules underneath the skin, abscesses or cysts may be present. [ 15 ] and lesions can run throughout the body, [ 16 ] including papules, plaques and granulomatous damage. [ 16 ] In extreme cases there can be deep infections within the eyes, bones, heart and central nervous system.
These T cells are skin-associated, meaning they are biochemically and biologically most related to the skin, in a dynamic manner. Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), but there are many other types of CTCL that have nothing to do with mycosis fungoides and these disorders are treated differently. [12]
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [5] [13] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic.
Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term fungal infection of the skin [2] and subcutaneous tissue (a chronic subcutaneous mycosis). [3] It can be caused by many different types of fungi which become implanted under the skin, often by thorns or splinters. [4] Chromoblastomycosis spreads very slowly. [citation needed]
Those who have Sézary disease often present skin lesions that do not heal with normal medication. [12] A blood test generally reveals any change in the levels of lymphocytes in the blood, which is often associated with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. [12] Finally, a biopsy of a skin lesion can be performed to rule out any other causes. [12]
There may be no symptoms, [4] or talaromycosis may present with small painless skin lesions. [2] The head and neck are most often affected. [2] Other features include: fever, general discomfort, weight loss, cough, difficulty breathing, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, swelling of the spleen (splenomegaly), liver swelling (hepatomegaly), swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), [2] and anemia.
Athlete's foot is a form of dermatophytosis (fungal infection of the skin), caused by dermatophytes, funguses (most of which are mold) which inhabit dead layers of skin and digest keratin. [2] Dermatophytes are anthropophilic , meaning these parasitic funguses prefer human hosts.