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Basic opamp diode log amplifier. The basic opamp diode log amplifier shown in the diagram utilizes the diode's exponential current-voltage relationship for the opamp's negative feedback path, with the diode's anode virtually grounded and its cathode connected to the opamp's output , used as the circuit output.
For example, the general purpose TL081 op amp has a slew rate of 13 V per microsecond. As a general rule, low power and small bandwidth op amps have low slew rates. As an example, the LT1494 micropower op amp consumes 1.5 microamp but has a 2.7 kHz gain-bandwidth product and a 0.001 V per microsecond slew rate.
Disadvantages of CFAs include poorer input offset voltage and input bias current characteristics. Additionally, the DC loop gains are generally smaller by about three decimal orders of magnitude. CFAs have much higher inverting input current noise. CFA circuits must use a specific value of feedback resistance to achieve maximum performance.
The input current is offset by a negative feedback current flowing in the capacitor, which is generated by an increase in output voltage of the amplifier. The output voltage is therefore dependent on the value of input current it has to offset and the inverse of the value of the feedback capacitor.
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In the ideal OTA, the output current is a linear function of the differential input voltage, calculated as follows: = (+) where V in+ is the voltage at the non-inverting input, V in− is the voltage at the inverting input and g m is the transconductance of the amplifier.
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If the gain is large, any input offset voltage at the non-inverting input of the op-amp will result in an output DC offset. An input bias current on the inverting terminal of the op-amp will similarly result in an output offset. To minimize these effects, transimpedance amplifiers are usually designed with field-effect transistor (FET) input op ...