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Symptoms are thought to arise from transient abnormalities in the blood vessels of the brain. [1] In some cases, it may be associated with childbirth, vasoactive or illicit drug use, or complications of pregnancy. [1] If it occurs after delivery it may be referred to as postpartum cerebral angiopathy.
Methylene blue (methylthioninium chloride), the antidote indicated for drug-induced methemoglobinemia on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, among a plethora of other off-label uses, is a highly potent, reversible MAO inhibitor. [53] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these MAOIs to treat depression: [54]
A nitrovasodilator is a pharmaceutical agent that causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) by donation of nitric oxide (NO), [1] and is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris. This group of drugs includes nitrates (esters of nitric acid), which are reduced to NO in the body, as well as some other substances.
Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, or even delay premature labor, among other things. These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines.
Moyamoya disease is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted. Blood flow is blocked by constriction and blood clots (). [2]A collateral circulation develops around the blocked vessels to compensate for the blockage, but the collateral vessels are small, weak, and prone to bleeding, aneurysm and thrombosis.
The narrowing of blood vessels leads to an increase in peripheral resistance, thereby elevating blood pressure. While vasoconstriction is a normal and essential regulatory mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and redistributing blood flow during various physiological processes, its dysregulation can contribute to pathological conditions.
This condition is thought to result from severe hypocapnia that induces blood vessels in the brain to constrict, leading to brain ischemia. [3] Other symptoms caused by CNH are electrolyte dysequilibrium and mood changes that primarily include anxiety due to the hyperventilation. [1] [4]
Prazosin, sold under the brand name Minipress among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, symptoms of an enlarged prostate, and nightmares related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). [6] It is an α 1 blocker. [6] It is a less preferred treatment of high blood pressure. [6] Other uses may include heart failure and ...