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The Rakaia River in the South Island of New Zealand is braided over most of its course. A braided river (also called braided channel or braided stream) consists of a network of river channels separated by small, often temporary, islands called braid bars or, in British English usage, aits or eyots.
Braid bars often originate from remnants of point bars or the growth of mid-channel unit bars in braided rivers. [1] These features typically form in rivers with a high sediment load, within channels characterized by a large bed load and easily-eroded bank material. [2] There are several mechanisms of formation.
The channel type developed depends on stream gradient, riparian vegetation and sediment supply. Braided rivers tend to occur on steeper gradients where there is a large supply of sediment for braid bars, while single thread sinuous channels occur where there is a lower sediment supply for point bars.
These channels are classified as a composite form of which the individual channel belts may have braided, meandering or straight channels. Although similar to, and even encompass other channel types, anastomosed rivers are their own entity and have just begun to be studied by geologists , revealing that much is still unknown.
Braided rivers have complex and unpredictable channel patterns, and sediment size tends to vary among streams. [3] It is these features that are responsible for the formations of braid bars. Braided streams are often overfed with massive amounts of sediment which creates multiple stream channels within one dominant pair of flood bank plains. [2]
The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed and banks (e.g., sand, clay, bedrock); erosion comes from the power and ...
Lava from Hawaii’s Kīlauea volcano continued to flow through the Lower Rift Zone, including sections of Pāhoa, Hawaii, on June 11, according to the USGS.Video shared from a morning helicopter ...
Braided channel – Network of river channels; Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs; Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface; Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face; Cut bank – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion; Crevasse splay – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its ...