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Group theory has three main historical sources: number theory, the theory of algebraic equations, and geometry.The number-theoretic strand was begun by Leonhard Euler, and developed by Gauss's work on modular arithmetic and additive and multiplicative groups related to quadratic fields.
The manipulations of the Rubik's Cube form the Rubik's Cube group.. In mathematics, a group is a set with an operation that associates an element of the set to every pair of elements of the set (as does every binary operation) and satisfies the following constraints: the operation is associative, it has an identity element, and every element of the set has an inverse element.
In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms.
In mathematics, the classification of finite simple groups (popularly called the enormous theorem [1] [2]) is a result of group theory stating that every finite simple group is either cyclic, or alternating, or belongs to a broad infinite class called the groups of Lie type, or else it is one of twenty-six exceptions, called sporadic (the Tits group is sometimes regarded as a sporadic group ...
The group consists of the finite strings (words) that can be composed by elements from A, together with other elements that are necessary to form a group. Multiplication of strings is defined by concatenation, for instance (abb) • (bca) = abbbca. Every group (G, •) is basically a factor group of a free group generated by G.
The full solution to Burnside problem in this form is not known. Burnside considered some easy cases in his original paper: B(1, n) is the cyclic group of order n. B(m, 2) is the direct product of m copies of the cyclic group of order 2 and hence finite. [note 1] The following additional results are known (Burnside, Sanov, M. Hall):
Let T be a spanning tree for Y and define the fundamental group Γ to be the group generated by the vertex groups G x and elements y for each edge of Y with the following relations: y = y −1 if y is the edge y with the reverse orientation. y φ y,0 (x) y −1 = φ y,1 (x) for all x in G y. y = 1 if y is an edge in T. This definition is ...
A presentation of a group determines a geometry, in the sense of geometric group theory: one has the Cayley graph, which has a metric, called the word metric. These are also two resulting orders, the weak order and the Bruhat order, and corresponding Hasse diagrams. An important example is in the Coxeter groups.