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The House of Lords Chamber as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson for Ackermann's Microcosm of London (1808–1812). The reform of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, has been a topic of discussion in UK politics for more than a century.
The House of Lords Act 1999 withdrew the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords as the first stage of a planned reform by the Labour government of Tony Blair. [7] However 92 hereditary peers were allowed to remain pending completion of the second stage of the proposed reforms. [8]
The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given royal assent on 11 November 1999. [3] For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers); the Act removed ...
The House of Lords Reform Act 2014 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. [1] The Act was a private member's bill.It received royal assent on 14 May 2014. The Act allows members of the House of Lords to retire or resign – actions previously constitutionally impossible for life peers.
Reform of the House of Lords has been a part of successive government policies since the early 19th century. [2] The last major change was made in the House of Lords Act 1999 under the first Blair ministry, which provided that: [2]
The House of Lords Reform Bill 2012 was a proposed Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom introduced to the House of Commons in June 2012 by Nick Clegg.Among other reforms, the bill would have made the House of Lords a mostly elected body. [1]
Detailed proposals for Lords reform, including a draft House of Lords Reform Bill, were published on 17 May 2011. These included a 300-member hybrid house, of whom 80% would be elected. A further 20% would be appointed, and reserve space would be included for some Church of England archbishops and bishops.
Apart from retired Lords Spiritual and the surviving hereditary peers excluded under the House of Lords Act 1999, including the Marquess of Cholmondeley who was exempt from the 1999 Act by virtue of his position as Lord Great Chamberlain until the accession of Charles III in September 2022, [1] there are a number of living peers who have permanently ceased to be members of the House.