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9: 4 1 3: 2: 8 6: 7 0: 5 ... Decimal: 9 1 Binary : 0000 1001 0000 0001 In packed BCD, the same number would fit into a single byte: Decimal: 9 1 Binary : 1001 0001 ...
A repeating decimal is an infinite decimal that, after some place, repeats indefinitely the same sequence of digits (e.g., 5.123144144144144... = 5.123 144). [4] An infinite decimal represents a rational number , the quotient of two integers, if and only if it is a repeating decimal or has a finite number of non-zero digits.
For example, decimal (base 10) requires ten digits (0 to 9), and binary (base 2) requires only two digits (0 and 1). Bases greater than 10 require more than 10 digits, for instance hexadecimal (base 16) requires 16 digits (usually 0 to 9 and A to F).
In base 10, ten different digits 0, ..., 9 are used and the position of a digit is used to signify the power of ten that the digit is to be multiplied with, as in 304 = 3×100 + 0×10 + 4×1 or more precisely 3×10 2 + 0×10 1 + 4×10 0. Zero, which is not needed in the other systems, is of crucial importance here, in order to be able to "skip ...
Conventionally, the decimal representation without trailing 9's is preferred. Moreover, in the standard decimal representation of x {\displaystyle x} , an infinite sequence of trailing 0's appearing after the decimal point is omitted, along with the decimal point itself if x {\displaystyle x} is an integer.
Similarly, a decimal numeral with an unlimited number of 0s can be rewritten by dropping the 0s to the right of the rightmost nonzero digit, and a decimal numeral with an unlimited number of 9s can be rewritten by increasing by one the rightmost digit less than 9, and changing all the 9s to the right of that digit to 0s.
The full decimal significand is then obtained by concatenating the leading and trailing decimal digits. The 10-bit DPD to 3-digit BCD transcoding for the declets is given by the following table. b 9 … b 0 are the bits of the DPD, and d 2 … d 0 are the three BCD digits.
The leading digit is between 0 and 9 (3 or 4 binary bits), and the rest of the significand uses the densely packed decimal (DPD) encoding. The leading 2 bits of the exponent and the leading digit (3 or 4 bits) of the significand are combined into the five bits that follow the sign bit. This is followed by a fixed-offset exponent continuation field.