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Superheated steam was widely used in main line steam locomotives. Saturated steam has three main disadvantages in a steam engine: it contains small droplets of water which have to be periodically drained from the cylinders; being precisely at the boiling point of water for the boiler pressure in use, it inevitably condenses to some extent in the steam pipes and cylinders outside the boiler ...
Unless the pressure and temperature reach supercritical levels in the boiler, the temperature range over which the cycle can operate is quite small. As of 2022, most supercritical power plants adopt a steam inlet pressure of 24.1 MPa and inlet temperature between 538°C and 566°C, which results in plant efficiency of 40%.
A supercritical steam generator is a type of boiler that operates at supercritical pressure and temperature, frequently used in the production of electric power. In contrast to a subcritical boiler in which steam bubbles form, a supercritical steam generator operates above the critical pressure – 22 megapascals (3,200 psi ) and temperature ...
A high-pressure steam locomotive is a steam locomotive with a boiler that operates at pressures well above what would be considered normal for other locomotives. Most locomotives operate with a steam pressure of 200 to 300 psi (1.38 to 2.07 MPa). [1] In the later years of steam, boiler pressures were typically 200 to 250 psi (1.38 to 1.72 MPa).
The steam is then passed through a number of superheater elements, which are long pipes placed inside the larger diameter fire tubes, called flues. Hot combustion gases from the locomotive's fire pass through the flues and, as well as heating the water in the surrounding boiler, they heat the steam inside the superheater elements they flow over.
Diagramatic section through an earlier steam locomotive boiler and firebox to the right. Note the boiler is not fitted with a superheater. In the standard steam locomotive fire-tube boiler, the firebox is surrounded by water space on five sides. The bottom of the firebox is open to atmospheric pressure, but covered by fire grates (solid fuel ...
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [2] A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar , and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius . [ 3 ]
Description: Blue lines indicate vapor quality, mass percentage in the saturated mixture that is in gas phase . Black lines indicate pressure in pounds per square inch . Grey lines indicate specific volume in square feet per pound-mass of steam