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One can often quickly calculate this using the PV diagram as it is simply the area enclosed by the cycle. [citation needed] Note that in some cases specific volume will be plotted on the x-axis instead of volume, in which case the area under the curve represents work per unit mass of the working fluid (i.e. J/kg). [citation needed]
The main feature of thermodynamic diagrams is the equivalence between the area in the diagram and energy. When air changes pressure and temperature during a process and prescribes a closed curve within the diagram the area enclosed by this curve is proportional to the energy which has been gained or released by the air.
Two common methods for finding the volume of a solid of revolution are the disc method and the shell method of integration.To apply these methods, it is easiest to draw the graph in question; identify the area that is to be revolved about the axis of revolution; determine the volume of either a disc-shaped slice of the solid, with thickness δx, or a cylindrical shell of width δx; and then ...
The volume rate of flow of liquid through a source or sink (with the flow through a sink given a negative sign) is equal to the divergence of the velocity field at the pipe mouth, so adding up (integrating) the divergence of the liquid throughout the volume enclosed by S equals the volume rate of flux through S. This is the divergence theorem. [2]
The finite volume method (FVM) is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations. [1] In the finite volume method, volume integrals in a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term are converted to surface integrals, using the divergence theorem. These terms are then ...
Given any curve c : (a, b) → S, one may consider the composition X ∘ c : (a, b) → ℝ 3. As a map between Euclidean spaces, it can be differentiated at any input value to get an element (X ∘ c)′(t) of ℝ 3. The orthogonal projection of this vector onto T c(t) S defines the covariant derivative ∇ c ′(t) X.
The "dryness fraction", x, gives the fraction by mass of gaseous water in the wet region, the remainder being droplets of liquid. An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [2]
In other words, a volume form gives rise to a measure with respect to which functions can be integrated by the appropriate Lebesgue integral. The absolute value of a volume form is a volume element, which is also known variously as a twisted volume form or pseudo-volume form. It also defines a measure, but exists on any differentiable manifold ...