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Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. In humans this includes African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease. A number of other diseases occur in other animals.
T. brucei, which causes sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle; T. cruzi, which causes Chagas disease in humans; Trypanosoma culicavium, which infects birds and mosquitoes; T. congolense, which causes nagana in ruminant livestock, horses and a wide range of wildlife; T. equinum, in South American horses, transmitted via Tabanidae,
The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are; African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies [3]), South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease, caused by T. cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs), and leishmaniasis (a set of trypanosomal diseases caused by various species of Leishmania transmitted by sandflies [4]).
Large scale anatomy of a heart damaged by chronic Chagas disease. In the acute phase of the disease, signs and symptoms are caused directly by the replication of T. cruzi and the immune system's response to it. [2] During this phase, T. cruzi can be found in various tissues throughout the body and circulating in the blood. [2]
African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. [3]Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is caused by the species Trypanosoma brucei. [3]
The first is a parasite of non-human mammals and causes nagana, while the latter two are zoonotic infecting both humans and animals and cause African trypanosomiasis. T. brucei is transmitted between mammal hosts by an insect vector belonging to different species of tsetse fly (Glossina). Transmission occurs by biting during the insect's blood ...
Human trypanosomiasis is a cutaneous condition caused by several species of trypanosomes, with skin manifestations usually being observed in the earlier stages of the disease as evanescent erythema, erythema multiforme, and edema, especially angioedema.
The large intestine begins at the cecum, where the appendix is located. This is also the start of the colon as the ascending colon in the back wall of the abdomen. At the right colic flexure ( hepatic flexure) (the flexed portion of the ascending and transverse colon ) it runs across the abdomen in the transverse colon, passing below the diaphragm.