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In finance, a coupon is the interest payment received by a bondholder from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond. [ 1 ] Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value . [ 2 ]
However, the coupon periods themselves may be of different lengths; in the case of semi-annual payment on a 365-day year, one period can be 182 days and the other 183 days. In that case, all the days in one period will be valued 1/182nd of the payment amount and all the days in the other period will be valued 1/183rd of the payment amount.
Consider a bond with a $1000 face value, 5% coupon rate and 6.5% annual yield, with maturity in 5 years. [26] The steps to compute duration are the following: 1. Estimate the bond value The coupons will be $50 in years 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then, on year 5, the bond will pay coupon and principal, for a total of $1050.
To separate out the effect of the coupon payments, the accrued interest between coupon dates is subtracted from the value determined by the dirty price to arrive at the clean price. [1] The accrued interest is based on the day count convention, coupon rate, and number of days from the preceding coupon payment date. [2]
The current yield, interest yield, income yield, flat yield, market yield, mark to market yield or running yield is a financial term used in reference to bonds and other fixed-interest securities such as gilts.
The coupon rate (or nominal rate) on a fixed income security is the interest that the issuer agrees to pay to the security holder each year, expressed as a percentage of the security's principal amount . [1] [2] [3] The current yield is the ratio of the annual interest (coupon) payment and the bond's market price. [4] [5]
An ABCXYZ Company bond that matures in one year, has a 5% yearly interest rate (coupon), and has a par value of $100. To sell to a new investor the bond must be priced for a current yield of 5.56%. The annual bond coupon should increase from $5 to $5.56 but the coupon can't change as only the bond price can change.
The spread is a rate that remains constant. Almost all FRNs have quarterly coupons, i.e. they pay out interest every three months. At the beginning of each coupon period, the coupon is calculated by taking the fixing of the reference rate for that day and adding the spread. [1] [2] [3] A typical coupon would look like 3 months USD SOFR +0.20%.