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Contractualism is a term in philosophy which refers either to a family of political theories in the social contract tradition (when used in this sense, the term is an umbrella term for all social contract theories that include contractarianism), [1] or to the ethical theory developed in recent years by T. M. Scanlon, especially in his book What We Owe to Each Other (published 1998).
Philosophy and literature involves the literary treatment of philosophers and philosophical themes (the literature of philosophy), and the philosophical treatment of issues raised by literature (the philosophy of literature). The philosophy of literature, a subset of aesthetics, examines the nature of art and the significance of verbal arts ...
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).
Berman was active in philosophical and literary circles, nevertheless he has been influential in translatology, especially in translation criticism.He claimed that there may be many different methods for translation criticism as there are many translation theories; therefore he entitled a model of his own as an analytical path, which can be modulated according to the specific objectives of ...
Emily Wilson, a professor of classical studies at the University of Pennsylvania and herself a translator, writes: "[I]t is [hard] to produce a good literary translation. This is certainly true of translations of ancient Greek and Roman texts, but it is also true of literary translation in general: it is very difficult. Most readers of foreign ...
Some international conferences on translation and children’s literature were organized: in 2004 in Brussels there was “Children’s Literature in Translation: Challenges and Strategies”; in 2005 in London, “No Child is an Island: The Case of Children’s Books in Translation” (IBBY- International Board on Books for Young People); in ...
Popovič was among the first to apply semiotic theory to the study of translation in his book Teória umeleckého prekladu [Theory of artistic translation], 1975. . Considering translation a particular case of metacommunication, he proposed the terms "prototext" and "metatext" as alternatives to what are most commonly known as the "source text" and the "t
Whether or not translation criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from translation theory is a matter of some controversy. [3] The translation professionals and laymen who engage in literary translation inevitably face the issue of translation quality. Translation criticism has several open issues, such as the name for the ...