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  2. Fractional distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

    Fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate.

  3. Fractionation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionation

    Fractionation makes it possible to isolate more than two components in a mixture in a single run. This property sets it apart from other separation techniques. Fractionation is widely employed in many branches of science and technology. Mixtures of liquids and gasses are separated by fractional distillation by difference

  4. Vapor–liquid equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor–liquid_equilibrium

    Such vapor–liquid equilibrium information is useful in designing columns for distillation, especially fractional distillation, which is a particular specialty of chemical engineers. [1] [2] [3] Distillation is a process used to separate or partially separate components in a mixture by boiling (vaporization) followed by condensation ...

  5. Fractionating column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionating_column

    Fractionating column. A fractionating column or fractional column is equipment used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on their differences in volatility. Fractionating columns are used in small-scale laboratory distillations as well as large-scale industrial distillations.

  6. McCabe–Thiele method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCabe–Thiele_method

    McCabe–Thiele method. The McCabe–Thiele method is a technique that is commonly employed in the field of chemical engineering to model the separation of two substances by a distillation column. [1][2][3] It uses the fact that the composition at each theoretical tray is completely determined by the mole fraction of one of the two components.

  7. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    Distillation. Laboratory model of a still. 1: The heat source to boil the mixture. 2: round-bottom flask containing the mixture to be boiled. 3: the head of the still. 4: mixture boiling-point thermometer. 5: the condenser of the still. 6: the cooling-water inlet of the condenser. 7: the cooling-water outlet of the condenser.

  8. Ideal solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_solution

    Ideal solution. An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. [1] The enthalpy of mixing is zero [2] as is the volume change on mixing by definition; the closer to zero the enthalpy of mixing is, the more "ideal" the behavior of the solution becomes.

  9. Fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction_(chemistry)

    A fraction is the product of a fractionating column, a vast chamber designed to separate different substances (such as crude oil) based on their boiling point. Fraction could also refer to a description of the composition of a mixture, e.g. mass fraction or mole fraction. For a simpler definition a fraction is a part of the fractionating column ...