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An oxyanion, or oxoanion, is an ion with the generic formula A. xOz−. y (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom). Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. [1] The formulae of simple oxyanions are determined by the octet rule.
Some elements are able to form more than one oxyanion (polyatomic ions that contain oxygen), each containing a different number of oxygen atoms. For example, chlorine can combine with oxygen in four ways to form four different oxyanions: ClO 4 − , ClO 3 − , ClO 2 − , and ClO − .
The oxyanions are oxides of nonmetals that are molecular ions. Examples include carbonate (CO2 − 3) , nitrate (NO2 − 3), phosphate (PO3 − 4), and sulfate (SO2 − 4). The following guidelines will help remember the names and charges of oxyanions in most cases.
Oxyacids (also known as oxoacids) are compounds of the general formula HnEOm H n EO m, where E E is a nonmetal or early transition metal and the acidic hydrogens are attached directly to oxygen (not E E). This class of compounds includes such well-know acids as nitric acid (HNO2 HNO 2) and phosphoric acid, (H3PO4 H 3 PO 4).
Just as certain elements form more than one oxyanion, they also form more than one oxyacid. Chlorine, for example, can form four oxyacids: HClO, HClO 2, HClO 3, and HClO 4. The names for these can be determined from the name and formula for the (root)ic acid and the convention described below.
The oxyanions (specifically, phosphate and polyphosphate esters) adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are important in biology. Monomeric oxyanions. The formula of monomeric oxyanions, AOm−. n, is dictated by the oxidation state of the element A and its position in the periodic table.
Oxyanions are polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms bonded to another element, typically a non-metal. They often carry a negative charge due to the presence of extra electrons.