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In a reversal of the pattern on land, in the oceans, almost all photosynthesis is performed by algae and cyanobacteria, with a small fraction contributed by vascular plants and other groups. Algae encompass a diverse range of organisms, ranging from single floating cells to attached seaweeds. They include photoautotrophs from a variety of groups.
A large amount of thermophytes are algae, more specifically blue-green algae, also referred to as cyanobacteria. This type of algae thrives in hot conditions ranging anywhere from 50 to 70 degrees Celsius, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] which other plants and organisms cannot survive in. Thermophytes are able to survive extreme temperatures as their cells contain ...
Like plants on land, phytoplankton use chlorophyll and other light-harvesting pigments to carry out photosynthesis, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce sugars for fuel. Chlorophyll in the water changes the way the water reflects and absorbs sunlight, allowing scientists to map the amount and location of phytoplankton.
The biochemical capacity to use water as the source for electrons in photosynthesis evolved once, in a common ancestor of extant cyanobacteria (formerly called blue-green algae). The geological record indicates that this transforming event took place early in Earth's history, at least 2450–2320 million years ago (Ma), and, it is speculated ...
Algae that are carried passively by water are plankton, specifically phytoplankton. Algae constitute a polyphyletic group [4] since they do not include a common ancestor, and although their chlorophyll-bearing plastids seem to have a single origin (from symbiogenesis with cyanobacteria), [5] they were acquired in
These have unicellular algae as endosymbionts, from diverse lineages such as the green algae, red algae, golden algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates. [36] Mixotrophic foraminifers are particularly common in nutrient-poor oceanic waters. [58] Some forams are kleptoplastic, retaining chloroplasts from ingested algae to conduct photosynthesis. [59]
Photosynthesis is the only process that allows the conversion of atmospheric carbon (CO2) to organic (solid) carbon, and this process plays an essential role in climate models. This lead researchers to study the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence that uses the Sun as illumination source; the glow of a plant) as ...
Heterotrophic organisms have to take in all the organic substances they need to survive. All animals , certain types of fungi , and non-photosynthesizing plants are heterotrophic . In contrast, green plants , red algae , brown algae , and cyanobacteria are all autotrophs , which use photosynthesis to produce their own food from sunlight.