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The primary law governing nationality in the United Kingdom is the British Nationality Act 1981, which came into force on 1 January 1983. Regulations apply to the British Islands, which include the UK itself (England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) and the Crown dependencies (Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man); and the 14 British Overseas Territories.
The main requirements are: [2] to have a grandparent born in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time; or a grandparent born in what is now the Republic of Ireland on or before March 31, 1922. to be a citizen of a Commonwealth country (it does not matter how citizenship was acquired), applying from outside the UK.
This citizenship is normally for certain people who retained British nationality after independence (e.g. Kenya), but do not have enough ties with the United Kingdom to be British Citizens. Visa requirements for other classes of British nationals such as British citizens, British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Territories Citizens ...
Mothers as well as fathers were allowed to pass on British nationality to their (UK born) children. However, until 2006, British parents of children born outside the UK (or in the UK to a non-British mother [a]) had to be married. [4] The term Commonwealth citizen was used to replace British subject.
The Act has also conferred a right to registration as a British citizen on persons born between 8 February 1961 and 31 December 1982 who, but for the inability (at that time) of women to pass on their citizenship, would have acquired British citizenship automatically when the British Nationality Act 1981 came into force.
BOTCs only have visa-free entry to the UK if they have a certificate of right of abode or if they have obtained and are travelling on a full British Citizen passport. Otherwise a visa is not required for a visit of up to six months, for example as a General Visitor or as a Short-Term Student, but a visa is required for other study, for work ...
BOCs who were Hong Kong residents and had no other nationality on 3 February 1997 may also register for citizenship without UK residence requirements. [53] Applicants who successfully register in this way become British citizens by descent and cannot pass citizenship to their children born outside of the UK. [54]
Prior to 1983, anyone born in the United Kingdom other than children of diplomats were automatically British citizens at birth. After the British Nationality Act 1981 took effect, children are only citizens at birth if at least one parent is also a British citizen or considered "settled" in the UK. [13]