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A chest injury, also known as chest trauma, is any form of physical injury to the chest including the ribs, heart and lungs. Chest injuries account for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury. [ 1 ] Typically chest injuries are caused by blunt mechanisms such as direct, indirect, compression, contusion, deceleration, or blasts [ 2 ] caused by ...
Two chest X-rays: left showing a massive left-sided hemothorax; right showing a massive right hemothorax A chest X-ray is the most common technique used to diagnosis a hemothorax. [ 23 ] X-rays should ideally be taken in an upright position (an erect chest X-ray), but may be performed with the person lying on their back (supine) if an erect ...
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes S00-S09 within Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes should be included in this category. Chest trauma is an injury to the chest .
Flail chest is usually associated with significant pulmonary contusion, [15] and the contusion, rather than the chest wall injury, is often the main cause of respiratory failure in people with these injuries. [69] Other indications of thoracic trauma may be associated, including fracture of the sternum and bruising of the chest wall. [63]
A chest tube must be inserted to drain blood and air from the pleural space so it can return to a state of negative pressure and function normally. [ citation needed ] Commonly, surgery is needed to close off whatever injuries caused the blood and air to enter the cavity (e.g. stabbing, broken ribs).
Pleurisy in the chest wall occurs when there is swelling of the pleura, which is the thin lining around the chest cavity and lungs. It can be caused by bacterial and viral infections.
The free edge of a ruptured diaphragm may curl and become perpendicular to the chest wall, a sign known as a dangling diaphragm. A herniated organ may constrict at the location of a rupture, a sign known as the collar sign. If the liver herniates through a rupture on the right side, it may produce two signs known as the hump and band signs.
Complications are not common but include infection, lung abscess, and bronchopleural fistula (a fistula between the pleural space and the bronchial tree). [4] A bronchopleural fistula results when there is a communication between the laceration, a bronchiole, and the pleura; it can cause air to leak into the pleural space despite the placement of a chest tube. [4]