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The Invention Secrecy Act of 1951 (Pub. L. 82–256, 66 Stat. 3, enacted February 1, 1952, codified at 35 U.S.C. ch. 17) is a body of United States federal law designed to prevent disclosure of new inventions and technologies that, in the opinion of selected federal agencies, present an alleged threat to the economic stability or national security of the United States.
See also Exhaustion of intellectual property rights for a general introduction not limited to U.S. law.. The exhaustion doctrine, also referred to as the first sale doctrine, [1] is a U.S. common law patent doctrine that limits the extent to which patent holders can control an individual article of a patented product after a so-called authorized sale.
Rather, a patent provides, from a legal standpoint, the right to exclude others [1] from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the patented invention for the term of the patent, which is usually 20 years from the filing date [4] subject to the payment of maintenance fees.
The America Invents Act didn't change meaning of the law, which requires patenting an invention within one year of a public or private sale, the justices ruled.
The issue of novelty often arises during patent examination, because of inadvertent and/or partial disclosures by inventors themselves prior to filing a patent application. [citation needed] Unlike the laws of most countries, the US patent law provides for a one-year grace period in cases of inventor's own prior disclosure. [28]
The defense of invalidity is a counter-attack on the patent itself., i.e., the validity of the patent or of the allegedly infringed claims. Case law provides other defenses, such as the first-sale doctrine, the right to repair, and unenforceability because of inequitable conduct.
The on-sale bar is an extraordinarily (some would argue needlessly) complex body of patent law in all but the simplest cases. [1] For instance, licenses are normally not considered a sale, even when a sample product is transferred as part of the license, but a computer software license is considered a barring sale even if the patent claims are ...
Compared to patents, the advantages of trade secrets are that a trade secret is not time limited (it "continues indefinitely as long as the secret is not revealed to the public", whereas a patent is only in force for a specified time, after which others may freely copy the invention), a trade secret does not imply any registration costs, [59 ...