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Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan.
Muhammad is reported to have said that the Islamic leadership is in Quraysh (i.e., his tribe) and that 12 "Imams" shall succeed him. Sunni and Shiite sects differ as to whom Muhammad was referring. Muhammad stated (authenticated by Sunnis and Shiites), that "Whoever does not know the Imam of his Lifetime (Hadith of the Current Imam: i.e ...
The term is derived from the name of Ja'far al-Sadiq who is considered by the Twelvers and Nizaris to be their sixth Imam who presented "a legal treatise". [18] Ja'far al-Sadiq is also respected and referenced by the founders of the Sunni Hanafi and Maliki schools of jurisprudence.
In 899, Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah announced that he was the "Imam of the Time" being also the fourth direct descendant of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the very same dynasty, and proclaimed his previous three descendant Da'is to have been "hidden Imams".
A Shi'ah Anthology [3] — by William Chittick, Hossein Nasr and Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i; a brief introduction to exemplary hadith from the 12 Imams. Mir'at al-Uqul (Mirror of the Mind) — by Mohammad Baqir Majlisi is a hadith commentary considered among the most significant commentary on Al-Kafi by the Twelver Shi'a community.
923) were among the first who reported hadiths that set the number of Shia imams at twelve. In particular, al-Kulayni dedicates a chapter in his hadith collection Kitab al-Kafi to the number of imams. [19] Sulaym's version of the hadith is also cited by the Shia authors al-Kulayni, al-Nu'mani (tenth century), and al-Tusi (d.
[7] [93] The latter was born in Medina to an umm walad, whose name is variously given in different sources as Hudayth, Susan, or Salil. [146] After al-Hadi, the majority of his followers acknowledged as their next imam his adult son Hasan, [147] [148] who is commonly known by the title al-Askari (lit.
In the absence of an imam they are led by a Da'i al-Mutlaq (absolute missionary) who manages the affairs of the Imam-in-Concealment until re-emergence of the Imam from concealment. The line of imams of the Nizari Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Agha-khani Ismailis in South and Central Asia) continues to their present living 50th ...