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Long-term exposure can result in thickening of the skin, darker skin, abdominal pain, diarrhea, heart disease, numbness, and cancer. [1] The most common reason for long-term exposure is contaminated drinking water. [3] Groundwater most often becomes contaminated naturally; however, contamination may also occur from mining or agriculture. [1]
The arsenic (As) cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of natural and anthropogenic exchanges of arsenic terms through the atmosphere, lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Although arsenic is naturally abundant in the Earth's crust, long-term exposure and high concentrations of arsenic can be detrimental to human health.
As a result, the adsorption of arsenic is reduced and dissolved arsenic accumulates in groundwater. That is why the arsenic content is higher in reducing environments than in oxidizing environments. [171] The presence of sulfur is another factor that affects the transformation of arsenic in natural water. Arsenic can precipitate when metal ...
Arsenic contamination of ground water is found in many countries throughout the world, including the US. [2] The World Health Organization recommends limiting arsenic concentrations in water to 10 μg/L, although this is often an unattainable goal for many problem areas due to the difficult nature of removing arsenic from water sources. [3]
Groundwater pollution (also called groundwater contamination) occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way into groundwater.This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity in the groundwater, in which case it is more likely referred to as contamination rather than pollution.
Arsenic poisoning is a global problem arising from naturally occurring arsenic in ground water. The evidence that arsenic may be a beneficial nutrient at trace levels below the background to which living organisms are normally exposed has been reviewed. [ 3 ]
In natural waters, the dissolved oxygen content is the main factor influencing reduction potential. Arsenates occur in oxygenated waters, which have a high pe, while arsenites are the main arsenic species in anoxic waters with a low pe. [16] A Pourbaix diagram shows the combined influence of pH and pe on arsenate speciation.
Arsenic can enter groundwater due to naturally occurring arsenic at deeper levels or from mine workings. Arsenic(III) can be removed from water by a number of methods, oxidation of As III to As V for example with chlorine followed by coagulation with for example iron(III) sulfate. Other methods include ion-exchange and filtration.