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  2. Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic...

    The earliest Biblical passages which mention it (Exodus 20:10 and 24:21; Deut. 5:14; Amos 8:5) presuppose its previous existence, and analysis of all the references to it in the canon makes it plain that its observance was neither general nor altogether spontaneous in either pre-exilic or post-exilic Israel.

  3. Pigeonhole principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonhole_principle

    Typically, the number of unique objects in a data set n is larger than the number of available unique hash codes m, and the pigeonhole principle holds in this case that hashing those objects is no guarantee of uniqueness, since if you hashed all objects in the data set n, some objects must necessarily share the same hash code. [citation needed]

  4. Pigeon intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_intelligence

    Pigeons seem to have difficulty in dealing with problems involving classes of classes. Thus they do not do very well with the isolation of a relationship among variables, as against a representation of a set of exemplars. Pigeons can remember large numbers of individual images for a long time, e.g. hundreds of images for periods of several years.

  5. 68–95–99.7 rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68–95–99.7_rule

    For an approximately normal data set, the values within one standard deviation of the mean account for about 68% of the set; while within two standard deviations account for about 95%; and within three standard deviations account for about 99.7%. Shown percentages are rounded theoretical probabilities intended only to approximate the empirical ...

  6. Pythagorean expectation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_expectation

    Initially the correlation between the formula and actual winning percentage was simply an experimental observation. In 2003, Hein Hundal provided an inexact derivation of the formula and showed that the Pythagorean exponent was approximately 2/(σ √ π) where σ was the standard deviation of runs scored by all teams divided by the average number of runs scored. [8]

  7. Calibration (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibration_(statistics)

    There are two main uses of the term calibration in statistics that denote special types of statistical inference problems. Calibration can mean a reverse process to regression, where instead of a future dependent variable being predicted from known explanatory variables, a known observation of the dependent variables is used to predict a corresponding explanatory variable; [1]

  8. Mean absolute percentage error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_absolute_percentage_error

    Confusingly, sometimes when people refer to wMAPE they are talking about a different model in which the numerator and denominator of the wMAPE formula above are weighted again by another set of custom weights . Perhaps it would be more accurate to call this the double weighted MAPE (wwMAPE).

  9. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]